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The navy bean, haricot or pearl haricot bean, white pea bean,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'') )〕 or pea bean,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pea bean )〕 is a class of the common bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris''). It is a small, dry white bean which is smaller than many other types of white beans, and has an oval, slightly flattened shape. It features in such dishes as baked beans and even pies, as well as in various soups such as Senate bean soup.〔senate.gov/reference/reference_item/bean_soup.htm Senate Bean Soup]〕 Unlike canned vegetables, which lose much of their nutritive value in the canning process, navy beans maintain their nutritive value when canned.〔http://www.tarladalal.com/glossary-haricot-beans-708i〕 The plants that produce navy beans may be either of the bush type or vining type, depending on which cultivar they are. Consumption of baked beans has been shown to lower total cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.〔Susan M. Shutler, Gemma M. Bircher, Jacki A. Tredger, Linda M. Morgan, Ann F. Whine Rand and A. G. LOW (1989). The effect of daily baked bean (''Phaseolus vulgaris'') consumption on the plasma lipid levels of young, normo-cholesterolaemic men. British Journal of Nutrition, 61, pp. 257–265 .〕〔Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins. Baked bean consumption reduces serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) 1 July 2007 (volume 27 issue 7 pp. 380–386 ).〕 This might be at least partly explained by high saponin content of navy bean. Saponins also exhibit antibacterial and anti-fungal activity, and have been found to inhibit cancer cell growth.〔John Shi, Sophia Jun Xue, Ying Mab, Dong Li, Yukio Kakuda, Yubin Lan. Kinetic study of saponins B stability in navy beans under different processing conditions. Journal of Food Engineering 93 (2009) 59–65.〕 Furthermore, navy bean is the richest source of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid among the common bean varieties.〔Devanand L. Luthria, Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales. Phenolic acids content of fifteen dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19 (2006) 205–211.〕 It is commonly known as the "Navy Bean" due to its use as a staple of United States Navy rations in the 19th century. ==Cultivars== Navy bean cultivars include: * 'Rainy River'〔 * 'Robust', resistant to the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), which is transmitted through seeds〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=One Hundred Years of Bean Breeding at Michigan State University: A Chronology )〕 * Michelite, descended from 'Robust', but with higher yields and better seed quality〔 * Sanilac, the first bush navy bean cultivar〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Navy bean」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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